IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

Although there is a version of DHCP that can be used with IPv6, another option is to locate the local router which can provide information relating to DHCP servers and also provide an address prefix so that hosts can configure their own IP Addresses. When a host is first connected to a link it automatically multicasts a Router Solicitation message to the All Routers multicast group address. Any routers active on the link will respond with a Router Advertisement message to the All Hosts multicast group address. The Router Advertisement message can indicate a variety of information. Contained within the Router Advertisement message is an address prefix or multiple prefixes relating to subnets available on the local link. The Host then knows which subnet or subnets are local and do not need the assistance of the local router to reach. The Host can automatically configure it's own IP Address by using the prefix and EUI-64 rules. This involves adding an EUI-64 interface identifier derived from the interface MAC Address to the advertised prefix. The Interface Identifier portion of the IPv6 IP address is used to identify a unique physical interface on a link. The 48 bit MAC address is separated into 2 x 3 bytes (24 bits), with the first 3 bytes know as the OUI (Organisational Unique Identifier), commonly known as the Vendor Number. 16 additional bits are inserted between the 3rd and 4th byte, and these bits are represented by the Hexadecimal number FFFE. The U/L bit, being the seventh bit in the high order byte is set to a value of 1 to indicate a Global Scope. The process of a host automatically configuring it's IP Address from the given prefix is known as Stateless Autoconfiguration. Additionally the Router Advertisement message also contains the default hop count that Hosts should use. jH8HUX2f
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